Basic algebra formulas that you can revise anytime and anywhere

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FORMULAS FOR BEGINNER (a+b) ^2= a^2+b^2+2ab (a+b) ^2= (a-b) ^2+4ab (a-b) ^2= a^2+b^2-2ab (a-b) ^2= (a+b) ^2-4ab a^2+b^2= (a+b) ^2-2ab a^2+b^2= (a-b) ^2+ 2ab a^2-b^2= (a+b) (a-b) (a+b+c) ^2= a^2+b^2+c^2+2(ab+bc+ac) (a-b-c) ^2= a^2+b^2+c^2-2(ab-bc+ac) (a+b) ^3= a^3+b^3+3ab(a+b) (a-b) ^3= a^3-b^3+3ab(a-b) a^3+b^3= (a+b) (a^2-ab+b^2) a^3-b^3= (a-b) (a^2+ab+b^2) a^4-b^4= (a^2-b^2) (a^2+b^2) = (a^2+b^2) (a+b) (a-b) a^5+b^5= (a+b) (a^4-a^3b+a^2b^2-ab^3+b^4) a^5-b^5= (a-b) (a^4+a^3b+a^2b^2+ab^3+b^4)
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What You Know About Transmission Media And What You Don't Know About Transmission Media

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Transmission Media is defined as through which information is carried from source to destination.
These transmission media can be connection oriented or connection less.
There are two types of transmission media:
  • Guided media(Connection oriented)
  • Unguided media(Connection less)

Guided Media:

  • Guided media are those that provide a conductor from one device to the other.
  • Signal requires a physical path for transmission.
  • It is called wired communication.
  • It provides direction to signal for travelling.
Example : Twisted pair cable, Coaxial cable, Optical fibre Cable, Hub.

Unguided Media:

  • Unguided media are those transport electromagnetic waves without the use of physical conductor.
  • They are wireless.
  • Signal is broadcasted through air or sometimes water.
  • It does not provide any direction.
Example : Radio wave, Micro wave.

Features of Connection oriented communication :

  1. Connection is necessary.
  2. It is used for connection establishment.
  3. It can be used using circuit switching and virtual circuit.
  4. Suitable for long and steady communication.
  5. Confirms reliable transfer of data.
  6. All the packets follow the same path.
Example : TCP

Features of Connection less Communication :

  1. Connection is not required.
  2. It doesn't guarantee reliable transfer of data.
  3. There is no concept of signalling.
  4. It's implemented using packet switching.
  5. Suitable for bursty transmission.
  6. Not necessary that all the packets follow same path.
Example : UDP

Optical fibre :

  1. Transmission of signal is in optical form.
  2. It is made of glass or plastics.
  3. Efficiency high.
  4. Bandwidth very high.
  5. Diameter small.
  6. Noise immunity high.
  7. Highly expensive.
  8. Weight light
  9. Transmission speed is high.
Application:

Used in Cable TV, Used for data transmission etc.


Fig: Optical fibre

Coaxial cable :

  1. Transmission of signal is in electrical form.
  2. It is made of plastic, metal and metal wire.
  3. Noise immunity low.
  4. Bandwidth moderate.
  5. Diameter large.
  6. Weight heavier.
  7. Efficiency low.
  8. Transmission speed is moderate.
  9. Low expensive.
Application : Used in WAN, MAN.



Fig: Coaxial cable

Hub:

  1. Hub is the basic central connecting device.
  2. It enables computers in a network to communicate.
  3. A host sends data to hub. The hub sends the data to all devices connected to hub.
  4. Physical layer device.
  5. Multiport repeater.
  6. Use for smaller network.
  7. Provides less bandwidth.
  8. Broadcast all connected device.
  9. There is no VLAN function.
  10. It is applicable in star topology.
  11. In Star topology repeater is called hub.
  12. They don't have the intelligence filter data.
  13. There are three types of hub: Passive hub, Active hub, Intelligent hub.


Fig: Hub


These are the Concept of Transmission media. We'll be glad if you share your valuable information with us regarding this topic, then it will be a golden oppertunity for all of us to improve ourselves and know more. Comment below!!

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